Izinqambu zokubheka zingaphi ekuhlanganiseni kwe-powder yokuqinisa embonweni?

Ubukhulu Ne-Ubukhulu Bekuphatha Kuzo Zonke Izinto Zokusebenza Ngokuphelele

Ubukhulu Bekusebenza: Ubukhulu Bekuphatha Kwizibhakabhaka, Izibhakabhaka Ne-impact Ngemisebenzi Yemboni

Izinkulungwane zokufaka emhlabathini zokusebenza kufanele zibe nesibindi sokubhekana nomsebenzi wokuphatha okuphakeme kuzo zonke izinto — izimboni, izithombe, futhi noma yiziphi izinto ezihambisana emaphakathi kwezindawo zokuproducwa usuku ngusuku. Izinto eziphakeme kakhulu zinokubhekana nezimpact eziphakeme kakhulu, ngokwesibalo se-ASTM D2794 siyakwazi ukuthi zibe nesibindi sokubhekana nezimpact ezingama-160 inch pounds, futhi zibe nesibindi sokubhekana nokuphatha okuphakeme kakhulu emahlabathini, okusho ukuthi zinokubhekana nezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-1000 zokuphatha. Amakhampeni amakhulu abafunda ukuthi bayaqhubeka njengoba bafaka izinkulungwane zokufaka emhlabathini zokusebenza ngokuthi bahlukanisa izipolimha zokuhlanganisa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkulungwane zokufaka emhlabathini zinokubhekana nezimpact eziphakeme kakhulu ngaphandle kokugqibela, okuyisibindi esikhulu emazini apho abantu bahlala baphatha phakathi kwezinye izindawo ngokuphelele, hlalani izindawo zokugcina izinto noma kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphatha emaphakathi kwezindawo zokuproducwa apho kunezinto ezihlukumeza kuzo zonke izindawo.

Ukubhekana kwe-UV nokubhekana kwezimo zewesi: Ukuchaza kwe-AAMA 2604/2605 kwezinkulungwane zokufaka emhlabathini

Ukuzifunda ngokulingana nezindlela zokuzifunda ze-AAMA 2604 ne-2605 kubonisa ukuthi imibala nezinhlobo zokugcina zihlala njani phakathi kwemiphumela yezinhlobo zomhlaba ephambili njengezulu ledeserti elikhulu noma umoya wasekupheleni ongumthwasa. Uma kuyizinkampani zokugcina ezisemaphuthumeni zokusebenza ngokwe-polyester, zihlala zingasiza ngokuphelele kwe-90% yezigqikazo zabo zokugcina emva kwezinsuku ezilishumi ngokufunda emlabathini. Khangelani lokhu ngokulingana nezinkampani zokugcina zokusebenza ngokwe-epoxy ozokuba zihlala ziyabona isithelo esibomvu futhi zihlala ziyadlula ngokwe-chalky ngafika kwezinsuku ezimbili kuphela uma zihlala zihlukanwa ngaphandle. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izinto ezikhulu zihlala ziyagcinwa kusukela kuzilungiselelo zezulu nezinye izinhlobo zomhlaba, zihlala ziyagcina izinyathelo zabo zokuhle futhi ziyasebenza kahle ngeminyaka eyiningi emuva kwalokho.

Ukuvikela Kusuka Kwemithwasa: Ukusebenza Kwesithelo Sokuvikela Ngokwe-Salt Spray (ASTM B117) Ngokulingana Nezinhlobo Zesithelo Sokugcina

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ASTM B117 kokutshala usawoti kusamukelwa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi njengendlela yokulinganisa ukuthi izinto zimelana kahle kangakanani nokugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma kuziwa kuma-polyester hybrid, avame ukubamba ukwakheka kokugqwala okubomvu amahora angaphezu kuka-1500 uma efakwa ezindaweni zensimbi. Ngokuvamile ama-epoxy ahlala amahora angaba ngu-1000 kodwa anenkinga yokumelana nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuze zivikeleke ngokwengeziwe, ama-primer acebile nge-zinc asebenza njengama-anode okuvikela avikela insimbi. Izembozo ze-fluoropolymer ezifana ne-PVDF ziyaqhubeka, ngokuvamile ziphila amahora angaphezu kuka-3000 ngoba zakha izingqimba ezingangeneki ngokuphelele ezivimba ama-ion e-chloride ayingozi nezinto ezinama-acid ezivela emvelweni. Lezi zakhiwo zenza lezi zembozo zibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kunokuchayeka njalo emoyeni wamanzi anosawoti noma amakhemikhali ezimboni, okuchaza ukuthi kungani siwabona esetshenziswa kakhulu emibhoshongweni eseduze namabhishi olwandle nasezindaweni zokucubungula izinto ezinamakhemikhali.

Ukukhetha Kwemithambo Yekhemikhali Yomthwalo Nokuthi Yikhowthi Powda

Kubhekwe I-Epoxy, I-Polyester, I-Polyurethane, I-Fluoropolymer, Namaphakathi Okunye

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okusekela izinhlaka kunquma indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-epoxy inamathela ezindaweni ezingenawo amakhemikhali, ngakho ilungele imishini esezimbonini engathintwa uwoyela, izinto zokuhlanza noma izixazululo ezinonya. Kukhona ne-polyester, ephatha ukukhanya kwelanga kangcono kakhulu futhi ihlale iguquguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho abaklami bavame ukukukhetha ukuze bakhele izakhiwo zensimbi ngaphandle lapho imibala kudingeka ihlale inemibala iminyaka eminingi. Ama-polyurethane awenye indaba. Lezi zinto zimelana nokugqoka kahle kakhulu, zenza kube nokulinganisela okuhle phakathi kokuqina nokuphila isikhathi eside. Zivela yonke indawo, kusukela ezingxenyeni zezimoto kuya ezintweni eziqinile eziseduze kwezikhungo. Ama-fluoropolymer, ikakhulukazi i-PVDF, aye aba yizinganekwane phakathi konjiniyela ngenxa yekhono lawo lokumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu nokugcina ukuzinza ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu. Siye sawabona emashumini eminyaka adlule ezakhiweni eziseduze nezindawo ezinamanzi anosawoti ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zokuwohloka. Kulabo abafuna okuthile okuphakathi, izinhlelo ezixubile ezinjengengxube ye-epoxy ne-polyester zinikeza isivikelo esihle emakhemikhali kuyilapho zisaqhubeka kahle ngaphansi kokukhishwa kwe-UV. Ngeke zikwazi ukushaya ama-epoxy noma ama-polyester ahlanzekile ezindaweni zawo ezinamandla kakhulu, kodwa ziwumphumela omuhle kubakhiqizi abaningi abasebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele yesabelomali.

Imiphumela Yokusebenzisa Kwempilo: Ukubambisana Kwepoxy Nokubambisana Kwepolyester Ngokugcina UV Kwinkulungwane Yemithombo

Lapho kukhulunywa ngokukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamarharin, kuhlale kunokuzihlanganisa. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga nge-epoxy. Inganamathela ezindaweni zensimbi ezinamathani angaphezu kuka-1.500 nge-intshi ngayinye eyisikwele ngokwezinga le-ASTM D4541, okwenza kube kuhle ekuvikeleni amathangi okugcina amakhemikhali nemishini yezimboni esikhathini eside. Yini embi ngalo? Uma uyishiya ilanga liyibeka lapho iqala ukubola ngokushesha, ibe yimpuphu ekhonkolo ngemva konyaka noma ngaphezulu ingaphandle. Amapende e-polyester agcina ukukhanya kwawo kangcono kakhulu, agcina ukukhanya kwawo cishe okungu-95% ngisho nangemva kweminyaka emihlanu njengoba kuhlolwe izindinganiso ze-AMA 2605. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwamanzi anosawoti ekuhlolweni kwe-ASTM B117, i-polyester ihlala amahora angaba ngu-500 kuphela uma iqhathaniswa nalokho i-epoxy engakwenza. Yingakho ama-offshore oil rigs ngokuvamile echitha imali eyengeziwe kulezi zingxube ze-fluoropolymer eziphambili ukuze athole okungcono kakhulu kuzo zombili imihlaba. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abantu abakha ifenisha yangaphandle bathambekele ekukhetheni i-polyester ngoba badinga okuthile okungeke kuphele ngokushesha elangeni, nakuba kungamelana nokugqwala. Izembozo ezihlanganisiwe zizama ukuvala lokhu kwehlukana kodwa ngokuvamile zikwazi ukuvikela cishe u-80% wamandla e-epoxy futhi mhlawumbe u-70% we-UV ka-polyester. Lezi zisebenza kahle emishinini yansuku zonke lapho singalindeli khona izimangaliso.

Ukuhambanana Kwesibonelo Nezinkinga Zokuphatha Kabusha

Ukufanana Kwesifunda Sokubhala Namasibonelo Amanzi, Amathiliumu, Namasiphephelo

Ukufumana imiphumela emihle iqala ngokuphatha ukuthi isibonelo sisebenza kusobala kahle. Uma sisebenza nezinye zezinkampani zezinc, kufuneka sisebenze nezinkampani ezinokwenzela ukuthi zibe nesikhungo esihle kakhulu kubukhona. Izinkampani eziphakanyiswa ngokugcina (epoxy hybrid coatings) ziyathanda ukuba zibe nesikhungo esihle kakhulu kusobala kahle, futhi ziyathola iziphumo ezingaphezu kwe-95% emva kokuzimisela ngemizuzu engaphezu kwe-1,000 ngokusebenzisa imithombo yokuqondisa ye-ASTM B117. I-aluminum iyasebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa izinkampani eziphakanyiswa ngokugcina (polyester based systems) ngoba lezi zinhlobo zezinkampani ziyathola ukuthi zingabona kahle ukuthi zilindelwe ngokuvutha kwe-UV futhi ziyasebenza kahle ngezinkampani zezinc ezingaphansi kwezinqanaba zokuchaza kanye nokuthi ziyathandana njani nesikhungo sokuchaza kwezinc. Izinkampani eziphakanyiswa ngokugcina (engineering plastics) njenge-nylon noma izinkampani eziphakanyiswa ngokugcina (composite materials) ezenziwe ngamafibha kufuneka zisebenze nezinkampani eziphakanyiswa ngokugcina (low cure temperature formulas) ezingaphansi kwe-160°C ukuze zingalindele ukuthi zihlabe kusobala kahle kodwa zibe nesikhungo esihle kahle. Isivinini sesibonelo (surface energy level) sifuna ukuthi sibe nesiphumo esikhulu futhi. Izinkampani zezinc zingahluke kakhulu kuma-powders ozinokuthi zibe nesikhungo esihle kahle kusobala kahle, okuyizinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-40 dynes per centimeter, ngakho-ke izinkampani zezinc ziyasebenza kahle kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-30 dynes per centimeter.

Imiphumela Yokuguqula Kwesikhathi Sokugcina Kwezinkinga Nokuthi Kukhona Imithombo Yokuqala Yokubamba Ngokuphelele

Kodwa amakhombe akhathazekile kusukela kuzo ngamaphuzu okuguqula ngokuphelele, kuyabizwa izinkinga eziningi njengezinkinga zokugcina nokugcina kwamakhombe. Lokhu kuyakha kakhulu xa kunezinkinga ezingaphezulu phakathi kokuguqula kwamakhombe nokuguqula kwalo okuhambisana nalo. Faka isibonelo sika-aluminum kunye nesibalini: i-aluminum iguqula ngokuphakeme kabili ngokuphakeme kuka-steel xa kugcina. Kanti amakhombe? Bayasebenza ngokuhluke kusukela kwenkulumo yabo yezinto ezihluke. Ukulungisa lezi zinkinga, ukulungisa kahle kuyadingeka kakhulu. Kuma-metal njenge-steel noma i-aluminum, ukusebenzisa amasolusheni ase-phosphate akwenzela izinkomo zezincikizo ezincane ezinconywa ngokuphelele ukubamba kwamakhombe. Kuma-plastic, ukusebenzisa ukugcina kwe-plasma kungakwenzela ukuthi iphakamise indawo yazo yokubamba ngokuphakeme kakhulu—ngokuvamile kungakwenzela ukuthi iphakamise kabili ngokuvamile ngokubhalwa kwezilaboratori. Lezi zindlela ziyagcina zisisekelo esikhundleni sokusebenza kwezindustria eziningi ezisebenzisa izinkinga zokuguqula.

• Ukukhupha ubomvu ku-1 mg/ft² wobomvu obungafihli
• Ukubhala ngokugqamisa okanye ukubhala ngokuchitha ngokuchitha ukuthi kwenzeke iprofayili yokuqinisa yezinkampani ezingama-0.5–1.5 mil
• Ukufaka amakholathi okuguqula (isibonelo, izincalaba zezincalaba noma izincalaba zezincalaba) ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa kwesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ngamashumi amathathu
  Lezi zinyathelo ziyabulawa ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthuthukisa kwezinyathelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemiphumela yezindawo eziningi kusukela ku-150°C.

Ukusebenza kwezinhlobo zemiphumela yezindawo eziningi

Izimpushana zokumboza ezisetshenziswa embonini kudingeka zikhuthazele ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Cabanga ngalezo zindawo ezishisayo zokukhiqiza uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya onosawoti eduze nolwandle. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-120°C (okungukuthi, u-248°F), izinkinga ziqala ukuvela ngokushesha ezindongeni ezingakhelwanga ukubhekana nokushisa. Iphuzi libola ngokushesha kakhulu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni, ukufiphala kwemibala, futhi okubi nakakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukuvikelwa ekugqwalileni nasekugqwalieni. Ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi lezi zembozo zisebenza njengoba zithenjisiwe, abakhiqizi bazivivinya kaningana. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka okushisayo lapho amasampula esuswa khona phakathi kuka -40 no -150 degrees Celsius ngokuphindaphindiwe. Khona-ke kukhona amakamelo omswakama abekwe cishe ku-95% womswakama omncane, kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokusafaza usawoti ngokulandela imihlahlandlela ye-ASTM B117. Lezi zivivinyo zihlola ukuthi izembozo zikwazi kanjani ukubhekana nezinguquko ezisheshayo zokushisa ngaphakathi kwamalahle, isikhathi eside sokukhanya kwelanga emishini esophahleni, noma imijikelezo yokumanzisa nokomisa njalo eyenzeka emikhombeni kawoyela olwandle. Ukuphumelela kulezi zivivinyo kusho ukuthi imishini ihlala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba idinge ukushintshwa, okuye kunciphise izindleko zokulungiswa ezingalindelekile nezikhathi zokuphumula ezinkampanini.